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使用 Prometheus 监控 Karmada 控制面

Prometheus 是一个云原生计算基金会（CNCF）项目，是一个系统和服务监控体系。它以给定的时间间隔从配置目标处采集指标，评估规则表达式，显示结果，还能在观测到指定的条件时触发警报。

本文举例演示如何使用 Prometheus 监控 Karmada 控制面。

启动 Karmada 集群​

你只需克隆 Karmada 代码仓库，在 Karmada 目录中运行以下脚本。

hack/local-up-karmada.sh

启动 Prometheus​

  1. 在 karmada-host 上下文和 karmada-apiserver 上下文中创建 RBAC 的资源

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
       name: monitor
       labels:
         name: monitor
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      name: prometheus
    rules:
    - apiGroups: [""]
      resources:
      - nodes
      - nodes/proxy
      - services
      - endpoints
      - pods
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
    - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      resources:
      - ingresses
      verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
    - nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
      verbs: ["get"]
    - apiGroups:
      - 'cluster.karmada.io'
      resources:
      - '*'
      verbs:
      - '*'
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: prometheus
      namespace: monitor
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: prometheus
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: prometheus
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: prometheus
      namespace: monitor

  2. 为 ServiceAccount 创建 Secret [K8s v1.24+ 需执行此操作] （在 v1.24+ 中创建 ServiceAccount 不会自动生成 Secret）

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
    metadata:
      name: prometheus
      namespace: monitor
      annotations:
        kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "prometheus"

  3. 获取访问 Karmada apiserver 的令牌

    kubectl get secret prometheus -o=jsonpath={.data.token} -n monitor --context "karmada-apiserver" | base64 -d

  4. 在 karmada-host 上下文中创建 Prometheus 的资源对象，你还需要（在 2 处位置）将 <karmada-token> 替换为第 3 步获取到的令牌

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: prometheus-config
      namespace: monitor
    data:
      prometheus.yml: |-
        global:
          scrape_interval:     15s 
          evaluation_interval: 15s
        scrape_configs:
        - job_name: 'karmada-scheduler'
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: pod
          scheme: http
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: true
          relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app]
            action: keep
            regex: karmada-system;karmada-scheduler
          - target_label: __address__
            source_labels: [__address__]
            regex: '(.*)'
            replacement: '${1}:10351'
            action: replace 
        - job_name: 'karmada-controller-manager'
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: pod
          scheme: http
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: true
          relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app]
            action: keep
            regex: karmada-system;karmada-controller-manager
          - target_label: __address__
            source_labels: [__address__]
            regex: '(.*)'
            replacement: '${1}:8080'
            action: replace
        - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: endpoints
          scheme: https
          tls_config:
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
            action: keep
            regex: default;kubernetes;https
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
        - job_name: 'karmada-apiserver'
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: endpoints
          scheme: https
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: true
          bearer_token: <karmada-token>    # 需要真实的 karmada 令牌
          relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_label_app]
            action: keep
            regex: karmada-apiserver
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: karmada-apiserver.karmada-system.svc:5443
        - job_name: 'karmada-aggregated-apiserver'
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: endpoints
          scheme: https
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: true
          bearer_token: <karmada-token>    # 需要真实的 karmada 令牌
          relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name]
            action: keep
            regex: karmada-system;karmada-aggregated-apiserver;karmada-aggregated-apiserver
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: karmada-aggregated-apiserver.karmada-system.svc:443
        - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
          scheme: https
          tls_config:
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          kubernetes_sd_configs:
          - role: node
          relabel_configs:
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
          - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
            regex: (.+)
            target_label: __metrics_path__
            replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
          - action: labelmap
            regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
          metric_relabel_configs:
          - action: replace
            source_labels: [id]
            regex: '^/machine\.slice/machine-rkt\\x2d([^\\]+)\\.+/([^/]+)\.service$'
            target_label: rkt_container_name
            replacement: '${2}-${1}'
          - action: replace
            source_labels: [id]
            regex: '^/system\.slice/(.+)\.service$'
            target_label: systemd_service_name
            replacement: '${1}'
          - source_labels: [pod]
            separator: ;
            regex: (.+)
            target_label: pod_name
            replacement: $1
            action: replace
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: "Service"
    metadata:
      name: prometheus
      namespace: monitor
      labels:
        name: prometheus
    spec:
      ports:
      - name: prometheus
        protocol: TCP
        port: 9090
        targetPort: 9090
        nodePort: 31801 
      selector:
        app: prometheus
      type: NodePort
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: prometheus
      name: prometheus
      namespace: monitor
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: prometheus
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: prometheus
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: prometheus
          containers:
          - name: prometheus
            image: prom/prometheus:latest
            command:
            - "/bin/prometheus"
            args:
            - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
            - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prom-data"
            - "--storage.tsdb.retention.time=180d"
            ports:
            - containerPort: 9090
              protocol: TCP
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
              name: prometheus-config
            - mountPath: "/prom-data"
              name: prom-data
          initContainers:
          - name: prometheus-data-permission-fix
            image: busybox
            command: ["/bin/chmod","-R","777", "/data"]
            volumeMounts:
            - name: prom-data
              mountPath: /data
          volumes:
          - name: prometheus-config
            configMap:
              name: prometheus-config
          - name: prom-data
            hostPath:
              path: /var/lib/prom-data
              type: DirectoryOrCreate

  5. 使用控制面的任意 NodeIP 和端口号（默认为 31801）进入控制面的 Prometheus 监控页面

使用 Grafana 直观显示指标​

为了提高指标显示的效果和体验，我们还在 Prometheus 的基础上使用 Grafana，以及社区提供的仪表盘

  1. 通过 Helm 安装 Grafana

    helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
    helm repo update

    cat <<EOF | helm upgrade --install grafana grafana/grafana --kube-context "karmada-host" -n monitor -f -
    persistence:
      enabled: true
      storageClassName: local-storage
    service:
      enabled: true
      type: NodePort
      nodePort: 31802
      targetPort: 3000
      port: 80
    EOF

  2. 获取 Grafana 网页界面的登录密码

    kubectl get secret --namespace monitor grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" --context "karmada-host" | base64 --decode ; echo

  3. 使用控制面的任意 NodeIP 和端口号（默认为 31802）进入控制面的 Grafana 网页界面 imag

注意：

在 k8s v1.24+ 中，来自 cadvisor 的指标可能遗漏图片、名称和容器标签，这会导致无法观测 Karmada 组件（例如 karmada-apisever、kamada-controller-manager）的指标。参见相关链接

参考资料​

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